Binciken shigo da kaya na kasar Sin da fitar da gine-gine da yumbun tsafta a shekarar 2021
A shekarar 2021, bayan da yanayin annobar duniya ke ci gaba da tsananta, akwai cikas da dama ga farfadowar tattalin arziki, yanayin kasa da kasa yana da sarkakiya da sauyi, kuma rabon da ake samu a duniya yana gushewa sannu a hankali, kasar Sin ta ci gaba da kasancewa kan gaba a duniya wajen raya tattalin arziki. rigakafin cututtuka da kuma kula da su.Shigo da fitar da kasuwancin ketare ya samu ci gaba cikin sauri a shekarar 2021, ma'aunin ya kai wani sabon matsayi kuma ingancin ya samu ci gaba, wanda ya ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa wajen kiyaye zaman lafiyar sarkar masana'antu da samar da kayayyaki da kuma taimakawa farfado da tattalin arzikin duniya. .
A cikin 2021, ko da yake masana'antar ginin yumbura ta kasar Sin ta shafi macro-control of real estate da manufofin sau biyu carbon da sarrafawa biyu, sun fuskanci gwaje-gwaje da yawa na farashin albarkatun kasa da hauhawar farashin makamashi, farashin aiki da farashin jigilar kaya, amma a karkashin da kwakkwaran jagoranci na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar, inganta ma'aikatun gwamnati a dukkan matakai da kokarin hadin gwiwa na masana'antu baki daya, Har ila yau, ya ci gaba da tabbatar da daidaiton ci gaban cinikayyar kasashen waje tare da samar da kyakkyawar mafari ga ci gaban masana'antu a karo na 14 na biyar. Lokacin Shirin Shekara.
A shekarar 2021, jimlar darajar kayayyakin gine-ginen kasar Sin da kayayyakin yumbu masu tsafta (ban da kayan aikin wanka) ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 15.77, karuwa a duk shekara da kashi 11.43%.Kasuwancin waje na kasar Sin na gine-gine da samfuran yumbu mai tsabta sun gabatar da halaye masu zuwa a cikin 2021:
1. Karkashin bayan barkewar annoba da kuma hadaddun yanayin waje da ake iya canzawa a shekarar 2021, kasar Sin har yanzu ta kasance kasa mafi girma wajen fitar da kayayyaki na gine-gine da tukwane da tsaftar muhalli, wanda ke ba da tabbaci mai karfi na kiyaye daidaiton wadatar da muhallin muhalli na duniya. kasuwar yumbu;
2. A karkashin ci gaba da yaduwar annobar cutar a ketare, da karkatar da tattalin arzikin duniya, yawan fale-falen fale-falen buraka na kasar Sin ya ragu kadan a shekarar 2021, amma ya tsaya tsayin daka gaba daya, kuma matsakaicin farashin sassan fitar da kayayyaki ya ci gaba da karuwa akai-akai. ;
3. Cutar ta yi kamari, farfadowar tattalin arzikin kasashen waje ya toshe, ba za a iya gudanar da noma bisa ka'ida ba, ba a iya fitar da karfin samar da kayayyaki gaba daya, kuma yana da wahala a ci gaba da biyan bukatar kasuwa.Ana ci gaba da aikawa da odar ketare zuwa China.Kayayyakin yumbun tsaftar muhalli na kasar Sin ya fadada daidai da yanayin da ake ciki, tare da karuwar lambobi biyu a yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje da kuma adadin fitar da kayayyaki a lokaci guda, kuma ci gaban da aka samu ya ci gaba da karuwa;
4. Kusan kashi 80% na yumbura da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashe masu tasowa, musamman kasashen da ke kan titin Daya Belt One.Fiye da kashi 50% na kayayyakin tsaftar da ake fitarwa zuwa ƙasashe da yankuna da suka ci gaba, Gabaɗayan tsarin rabon da ake fitarwa zuwa yankuna bai canza sosai ba.
5. Adadin fitar da samfuran yumbu mai launin glaze a cikin 2021 ya karu sosai idan aka kwatanta da wanda a cikin 2020, kuma an kara fadada sikelin fitarwa.Duk da haka, bisa la'akari da cewa gabaɗaya farashin rukunin ya kasance daidai da na bara, la'akari da abubuwan da ba su dace ba kamar haɓakar farashin ɗanyen abu da haɓakar farashin sufurin aiki, ribar ribar yumbu mai launin glaze ɗin ya ragu.
Binciken fitarwa na kayan gini na gini
(1) Gaba ɗaya yanayin fitarwa
A cikin 2021, yawan fitarwa na yumbun gini ya kai murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 601, raguwar 3.40% fiye da 2020, kuma adadin fitar da kayayyaki ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 4.099, raguwar shekara-shekara na 0.70%.Yawan kayan gini na gine-ginen da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje ya ragu sosai tun daga shekarar 2015. A shekarar 2020, sakamakon barkewar annobar duniya da tashe-tashen hankulan kasuwancin Amurka na kasar Sin, an samu raguwa sosai.A cikin 2021, raguwar adadin fitar da kayayyaki ya ragu kuma raguwar lankwasa tana da kyau.A gefe guda, hakan ya faru ne saboda tasirin cutar ya ragu.A daya hannun kuma, ta ci gajiyar matakan karfafa gwiwa da gwamnatoci da kungiyoyin kasa da kasa suka kaddamar domin farfado da tattalin arzikin kasar.
Godiya ga hauhawar farashin naúrar yumbun gini da aka fitar, ya karu da 2.80% daga dalar Amurka 6.63/m2 a shekarar 2020 zuwa dalar Amurka 6.82/m2.Adadin fitar da kayayyaki a shekarar 2021 ya ragu da kashi 0.70% idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2020. A daya bangaren kuma, karuwar farashin ya biyo bayan tasirin hauhawar farashin makamashi, albarkatun kasa, aiki da zuba jari na kare muhalli, a daya bangaren. , ya kuma nuna yanayin yadda kayayyakin yumbura na kasar Sin sannu a hankali ke ficewa daga kasuwannin da ba su da tsada, kuma sannu a hankali suna rikidewa zuwa matsakaici da matsakaicin matsayi.
A sa'i daya kuma, adadin kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje da kuma fitar da kayayyakin yumbura na gine-gine sun kasance na farko a duniya, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da daidaiton kayayyaki da farashin kasuwannin duniya.
(2) Gaba ɗaya yanayin shigo da kaya
A shekarar 2021, yawan kayayyakin da kasar Sin ta shigo da su na yumbura ya kai murabba'in mita miliyan 6.75, wanda ya ragu da kashi 69.90 bisa na shekarar 2020. Adadin da aka shigo da shi ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 155, adadin da ya karu da kashi 12.35 cikin dari a duk shekara.Farashin naúrar shigo da shi ya kasance dalar Amurka 25.56/mita murabba'in, tare da ƙimar girma na 273.26%.
Za'a iya ganin manyan sauye-sauye a cikin yanayin shigo da kayayyaki daga 2019 zuwa 2021 a sarari daga wannan adadi da ke ƙasa.Yawan shigo da kaya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi a shekarar 2020, amma adadin shigo da kaya bai tashi ba amma ya fadi.Bayan bin diddigin bayanan da ba a saba gani ba, kungiyar ta gano cewa wata ma'amala mai kima amma karancin farashi ta faru a shekarar 2020, wacce ta tilastawa karkatar da tsarin shigo da kayayyaki daga hanyar ci gaba ta al'ada.Don haka, canjin ƙarar shigo da kaya da adadin shigo da kaya a cikin 2021 shine ainihin koma baya na lanƙwasa zuwa matakin al'ada.
Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2019 a zamanin kafin barkewar cutar, yawan shigo da kayan gini a shekarar 2021 ya ragu da kashi 3.01%, adadin shigo da kaya ya karu da kashi 4.28%, kuma farashin sashin shigo da kaya ya ci gaba da hauhawa.
(3) Manyan ƙasashe goma da ake nufi don fitar da tayal yumbura
Ƙarƙashin nau'in yumbura na gini, yawan fitarwa da adadin fitarwa na yumbura ya kai 98.94% da 97.61% bi da bi.Jagoran kwararar fitarwa mai zuwa da bincike na asali zai mayar da hankali kan fale-falen yumbura.
A shekarar 2021, yawan fale-falen fale-falen da kasar Sin ta fitar ya kai murabba'in murabba'in miliyan 595, kuma jimilar jimillar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa manyan kasashe ko yankuna goma na farko ya kai murabba'in mita miliyan 419, wanda ya kai kashi 70.42% na adadin da aka fitar, wanda ya karu da kashi 11 cikin dari. idan aka kwatanta da kashi 59.27 cikin 100 a shekarar 2020, wanda ke nuni da cewa yawan fale-falen yumbura da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje ya kara inganta.
A cikin 2021, takwas daga cikin manyan ƙasashe goma da ke fitar da fale-falen yumbura sune membobin RCEP, ban da Peru da Chile, waɗanda ke matsayi na takwas da goma.Idan aka kwatanta da matsayi a cikin 2020, Philippines na ci gaba da matsayi na farko, tare da yawan fitarwar da take fitarwa da kashi 4.93% duk shekara a cikin 2020. Indonesiya da Koriya ta Kudu sun yi musayar gurbi a 2020. Myanmar, wacce ke matsayi na tara a 2020, ta fadi daga cikin Kasashe 10 na farko a shekarar 2021, sai Chile, wacce ta zo ta 12 a cikin shigo da fale-falen yumbura na kasar Sin a shekarar 2020, sun shiga jerin kasashe 10 na farko, kuma suna matsayi na 10.
Ban da wannan kuma, bisa kididdigar adadin kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, kasar Vietnam ita ce kasa ta farko da kasar Sin ta fara shirin fitar da fale-falen yumbura zuwa kasashen waje, inda adadinsu ya kai kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 597, musamman saboda matsakaicin farashin fale-falen yumbu da ake fitarwa zuwa Vietnam ya kai dala 36.25. dala / murabba'in mita, sau da yawa na kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa wasu ƙasashe.
(4) Asalin tayal yumbura zuwa fitarwa
A shekarar 2021, lardin Guangdong ya kasance kan gaba a jerin gwanon da aka fitar da yumbu murabba'in mita miliyan 366 da kuma fitar da adadin dalar Amurka biliyan 1.749, wanda ya kai kashi 60.89%, daidai da na bara da kashi 60.91%.Saboda farashin fale-falen fale-falen buraka da ake fitarwa daga lardin Guangdong ya kai kusan kashi 50 cikin 100 idan aka kwatanta da matsakaicin farashin kayayyakin da ake fitarwa na kasa, adadin fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen na Guangdong ya yi kasa da adadin da ake fitarwa, wanda ya kai kashi 42.68%.Wannan adadi ya kai kusan kashi biyu bisa dari sama da na shekarar 2020, amma har yanzu ya yi nisa da kashi 60% a zamanin da ake fama da cutar.
Lardin Fujian, wanda ke matsayi na biyu a yawan fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje, ya kai kashi 23.74% na jimillar al'ummar kasar, kuma adadin da ake fitarwa ya kai kashi 15.40% na jimillar.Matsakaicin farashin naúrar fitarwa shine dalar Amurka 4.42/m2, wanda kuma yayi ƙasa da matsakaicin farashin naúrar fitarwa na ƙasa.
Guangdong da Fujian su ma sun mamaye manyan larduna biyu na fitar da kayayyaki na dogon lokaci, kuma sun ci gaba da kasancewa mai lamba biyu.Adadin fitar da kayayyaki na Shandong yana matsayi na uku, wanda ya kai kashi 4.58% na jimillar, kuma adadin fitar da kayayyaki ya kai kashi 7.98% na jimillar.Amma matsakaicin farashin naúrar fitar dashi ya fi matsakaicin matakin masana'antu, wanda ke matsayi na farko a ƙasar.
Binciken fitarwa na tukwane mai tsafta
(1) Gaba ɗaya yanayin fitarwa
A shekarar 2021, adadin yumbun tsaftar da kasar Sin ta fitar ya kai guda miliyan 110, adadin da ya karu da kashi 16.82 bisa 2020. Adadin da aka fitar ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 9.878, wanda ya karu da kashi 12.13%, inda aka samu matsakaicin dalar Amurka 89.87 a kowane yanki, raguwar kashi 4.02 cikin dari. a cikin shekarar da ta gabata.Bugu da ƙari, ɗan raguwar ƙarar fitar da kayayyaki a cikin 2020 saboda tasirin cutar, yawan fitarwa na yumbu mai tsafta ya ci gaba da bunƙasa tun daga 2016. Har ila yau, saboda ƙarancin tushe a cikin 2020, ya dogara da haɓakar buƙatun duniya. yumbura mai tsafta da tasirin rashin isassun ƙarfin samarwa a ƙasashen waje, ƙimar girma ya ƙaru kuma yanayin haɓaka ya zama mai girma a cikin 2021.
Fitar da tukwane mai tsafta na iya ci gaba da samun ci gaba daga shekarar 2016 zuwa 2021, A gefe guda, yanayin cinikin kasa da kasa bai shafi fitar da tukwane mai tsafta ba.Mafi mahimmanci, samfuran tsabtace muhalli na kasar Sin suna da cikakkiyar gasa a duniya tare da fa'idodin inganci da kyawawan farashi.A shekarar 2021, yawan fitar da kayayyakin tsaftar muhalli a kasar Sin ya kasance kusan kashi 40%.
(2) Gaba ɗaya yanayin shigo da kaya
Bayan fuskantar koma bayan da annobar ta haifar a cikin 2020, yawan shigo da kayan kwalliyar tsafta a cikin 2021 ya sake komawa zuwa guda miliyan 2.06, wanda ya kasance daidai da na 2019. Sakamakon karuwar kashi 30.33% na farashin naúrar shigo da kayayyaki, adadin shigo da kayayyaki ya shafa. yumburan tsafta ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 155, karuwar kashi 44.14 bisa 2020.
(3) Manyan ƙasashe goma da ake nufi don fitar da yumbu mai tsafta
A shekarar 2021, kayayyakin tsaftar tukwane da kasar Sin ke fitarwa zuwa kasashen Turai, Amurka da sauran kasashe da yankuna da suka ci gaba, sun kai kusan rabin jimillar kayayyakin da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashen waje, wanda ya kasance daidai da na shekarar 2020, wanda ke nuna cewa har yanzu kayayyakin keram na kasar Sin na ci gaba da yin gasa sosai a yankunan da suka ci gaba.
A cikin 2021, fitar da manyan ƙasashe ko yankuna goma ke fitarwa ya kai kashi 61.91% na jimillar fitar da yumbu mai tsafta.Daga cikin su, fitar da manyan kasashe ko yankuna biyar ke fitarwa ya kai kashi 47.79% na jimillar.Bambanci tsakanin bayanan biyu da 2020 ya kasance ƙasa da 1%.Amma manyan ƙasashe da aka yi niyya zuwa fitarwa sun canza sosai.Saudi Arabiya, Singapore da Malesiya sun kasance cikin sahun farko na biyar a cikin 2020, sun fadi daga cikin goma na farko, Kanada, Burtaniya Ostiraliya sun koma matsayi na 10 bayan samun raguwar rabon ta a shekarar 2020.
(4) Asalin yumbun tsaftar da ake fitarwa zuwa ketare
Manyan nau'ikan tukwane guda biyar masu tsafta na adadin fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje da yawan fitar da kayayyaki na manyan larduna da biranen kasar Sin daidai suke da na shekarun baya.Lardin Guangdong har yanzu ya mamaye wuri na farko.Matsayin Hebei, Fujian da Shandong bai canza ba idan aka kwatanta da na shekarar 2020, kuma darajar Jiangsu da Zhejiang ta biyo baya sabanin haka a shekarar 2020. Kashi na Tianjin da Henan ya kai matsayi na takwas.
Daga cikin manyan wuraren samar da kayayyaki guda takwas dangane da girman fitar da kayayyaki, farashin naúrar kayayyakin yumbu a Jiangsu da Shandong shi ne mafi girma, duka biyun sun haura dalar Amurka 100 / yanki.
Binciken fitarwa na glaze launi
(1)Gaba ɗaya yanayin shigo da fitarwa
A cikin 2021, adadin fitarwa na samfuran yumbu mai launin yumbu ya kasance tan 459000, haɓaka mai mahimmanci akan 2020, tare da ƙimar girma na 44.82%.Yawan fitar da kayayyaki ya kai dalar Amurka miliyan 368, tare da karuwar kashi 43.50 a duk shekara.An kara fadada sikelin fitar da kayayyaki.
Girman shigo da samfuran yumbu mai launin glaze shine ton 26200, tare da shigo da kayaadadin na dalar Amurka miliyan 122, daidai yake da na 2020.
Idan aka kwatanta farashin naúrar fitarwa, ana iya ganin cewa gabaɗayan farashin naúrar samfuran glaze mai launi a cikin 2021 daidai yake da na bara ba tare da fa'ida ba.Idan aka yi la'akari da abubuwan da ba su da kyau kamar haɓakar farashin albarkatun ƙasa da haɓaka farashin jigilar ma'aikata, ƙimar ribar fitarwa na masana'antar glaze mai launi ta ragu.
(2) Manyan kasashe goma da ake nufi don fitar da kyalkyalin launi
Kayayyakin glaze ɗin yumbura da aka fitar zuwa ƙasashen Asiya ko yankuna sun kai kusan kashi 68.02% na adadin fitarwar, ɗan ƙasa da na 2020 (71.20%).Manyan manyan guda goma da ake fitarwa zuwa kasashe ko yankuna sun kai kashi 73.58% na adadin fitar da kayayyaki, wanda ya kasance daidai da na 2020 (74.67%).
(3) Asalin glaze launi na fitarwa
Jimillar adadin lardunan Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi da Zhejiang na fitar da kayayyaki ya kai kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na adadin da ake fitarwa a kasar.Daga cikin su, Shandong ya kasance kan gaba a jerin tare da yawan fitarwa na ton 18,3500 na glaze launi da kuma adadin da aka fitar na dalar Amurka miliyan 119, wanda ya kai kashi 39.99%, ya ragu da kusan kashi 5 cikin dari daga 44.85% a bara.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris-10-2022