Kuwunika kwa China kulowetsa & kutumiza kunja kwa zomanga ndi zaukhondo za ceramic mu 2021
Mu 2021, chifukwa cha vuto la mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi, pali zopinga zambiri kuti chuma chibwerere, zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndizovuta komanso zosinthika, ndipo zopindulitsa za kudalirana kwa mayiko zikutha pang'onopang'ono, China idakhalabe patsogolo pakukula kwachuma komanso chitukuko chachuma. kupewa ndi kuwongolera miliri.Kutumiza ndi kutumiza kunja kwa malonda akunja kudakula mwachangu mu 2021, kuchuluka kwake kudafika pachimake chatsopano ndipo mtunduwo udakwera pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zidathandizira kwambiri kusungitsa bata kwamakampani padziko lonse lapansi ndikuthandizira kukonzanso chuma chapadziko lonse lapansi. .
Mu 2021, ngakhale makampani aku China omanga zida zaukhondo zaku China omwe adakhudzidwa ndi kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa malo ndi malingaliro a kaboni iwiri komanso kuwongolera kawiri, adakumana ndi mayeso angapo amitengo yazinthu zopangira kukwera ndi mtengo wamagetsi, ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi mitengo yotumizira kukwera, koma pansi. utsogoleri wamphamvu wa Komiti Yaikulu Yachipani, kulimbikitsa madipatimenti a boma misinkhu yonse ndi mgwirizano wamakampani onse, Idasungabe chitukuko chokhazikika cha malonda akunja ndikupanga chiyambi chabwino cha chitukuko chamakampani pazaka 14-5. Nthawi Yopanga Chaka.
Mu 2021, mtengo wochulukira wogulitsa kunja kwa zomanga zaku China ndi zinthu zadothi zaukhondo (kupatula zinthu zopangira bafa) zinali US $ 15.77 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 11.43%.Malonda akunja aku China omanga ndi zinthu zaukhondo za ceramic zimapereka izi mu 2021:
1. Pansi pa miliri yobwerezabwereza komanso malo ovuta komanso osinthika akunja mu 2021, China ikadali dziko lalikulu kwambiri pakutumiza kunja kwa ziwiya zadothi ndi zoumba zaukhondo, zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu chosungirako zofunikira zaukhondo wapadziko lonse lapansi. msika wa ceramic;
2. Pansi pa kufalikira kosalekeza kwa mliri wakunja komanso kusokonekera komanso kusintha kwachuma kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi, kuchuluka kwa matayala a ceramic ku China kudatsika pang'ono mu 2021, koma kudakhazikika pathunthu, ndipo mtengo wapakati wazinthu zogulitsa kunja udapitilira kukwera pang'onopang'ono. ;
3. Kukhudzidwa ndi mliriwu, kubwezeretsedwa kwachuma kumayiko akunja kunatsekedwa, kupanga sikungathe kuchitidwa mwachizolowezi, mphamvu zopanga sizikanatha kumasulidwa, ndipo zinali zovuta kupitilizabe kufunikira kwa msika.Maoda akunja amatumizidwa ku China mosalekeza.Zogulitsa zadothi zaukhondo zaku China zidakulitsidwa mogwirizana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, ndi kukula kwa manambala awiri mu kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja nthawi yomweyo, ndipo mayendedwe akukula adapitilira kukwera;
4. Pafupifupi 80% ya matailosi adothi amatumizidwa kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, makamaka maiko omwe ali mumsewu umodzi wa One Belt One Road.Zoposa 50% za katundu waukhondo kumayiko otukuka ndi madera, Gawo lonse la magawo otumizira kunja kumadera silinasinthe kwambiri.
5. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja kwa ceramic color glaze mu 2021 zidakwera kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2020, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja kudakulitsidwanso.Komabe, poganizira kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali unali wofanana ndi wa chaka chatha, poganizira zovuta monga kukwera kwa mtengo wamtengo wapatali komanso kukwera kwa mtengo wamayendedwe a anthu ogwira ntchito, phindu la zinthu za ceramic color glaze linachepa.
Kusanthula kwa kunja kwa zoumba za ceramic
(1) Mkhalidwe wogulitsira kunja
Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa zida zomangira zomangira kunja kunali 601 miliyoni masikweya mita, kutsika kwa 3.40% kuposa 2020, ndipo ndalama zotumizira kunja zinali US $ 4.099 biliyoni, kutsika kwachaka ndi 0.70%.Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zomangira zanyumba zaku China zakhala zikutsika kuyambira 2015. Mu 2020, zomwe zidakhudzidwa ndi mliri wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kusamvana kwamalonda ku Sino US, kuchepa kwake kunali koonekeratu.Mu 2021, kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumiza kunja kudatsika ndipo kutsika kumachepera.Kumbali ina, izi zili choncho chifukwa mphamvu ya mliriwu yatha.Kumbali ina, idapindulanso ndi njira zolimbikitsira zomwe maboma ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi adayambitsa kuti akhazikitsenso chuma.
Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mtengo wamagetsi opangira zida zomangira kunja, idakwera ndi 2.80% kuchokera ku US $ 6.63/m2 mu 2020 mpaka US $ 6.82/m2.Ndalama zotumizira kunja kwa 2021 zinatsika ndi 0.70% yokha poyerekeza ndi 2020. Kumbali imodzi, kuwonjezeka kwa mtengo kumakhudzidwa ndi kukwera kwa mtengo wa mphamvu, zopangira, ntchito ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kumbali ina. , ikuwonetsanso momwe zinthu zopangira matayala a ceramic ku China zimachoka pang'onopang'ono pamsika wazinthu zotsika ndipo pang'onopang'ono zimasintha kukhala zapakatikati komanso zapamwamba.
Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaku China zomwe zimatumiza kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa zoumba zomangira zomangira zimakhalabe zoyamba padziko lapansi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ukhale wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika wamitengo.
(2) Mkhalidwe wamba wa kunja
Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangira zida zadothi ku China kunali 6.75 miliyoni masikweya mita, kutsika kwa 69.90% kupitilira 2020. Ndalama zomwe zidalowetsedwa zinali pafupifupi madola 155 miliyoni aku US, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 12.35%.Mtengo wamtengo wapatali unali 25.56 US dollars / square mita, ndi kukula kwa 273.26%.
Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwamayendedwe olowera kuchokera ku 2019 mpaka 2021 kumawoneka bwino kwambiri pachithunzichi.Voliyumu yolowera idakwera mu 2020, koma ndalama zomwe zidalowetsedwa sizinakwere koma zidatsika.Pambuyo pofufuza ndikufufuza zomwe zachitika, bungweli lidapeza kuti kugulitsa kwamtengo wokwera koma mtengo wocheperako kudachitika mu 2020, zomwe zidapatutsa mokakamiza njira yolowera kunja kuchokera panjira yachitukuko wamba.Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa voliyumu yolowera ndi kuitanitsa mu 2021 kwenikweni ndikubwerera kwa curve kupita pamlingo wabwinobwino.
Poyerekeza ndi 2019 m'nthawi ya mliri usanachitike, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomanga nyumba mu 2021 kudatsika ndi 3.01%, ndalama zogulira zidakwera ndi 4.28%, ndipo mtengo wagawo lolowera kunja ukupitilira kukwera.
(3) Maiko khumi apamwamba omwe akupita kukatumiza kunja kwa matailosi a ceramic
Pansi pa gulu lazomangamanga zomangira, kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumiza kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa matailosi a ceramic ku 98.94% ndi 97.61% motsatana.Njira zotsatirazi zotumizira kunja ndi kusanthula koyambira zidzayang'ana pa matayala a ceramic.
Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa matailosi a ceramic ku China kunali 595 miliyoni masikweya mita, ndipo kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zomwe zidatumizidwa kumayiko kapena zigawo zazikulu khumi zinali 419 miliyoni masikweya mita, zomwe zidapangitsa 70.42% ya kuchuluka kwazinthu zonse zotumiza kunja, kuwonjezeka kwa 11 peresenti. poyerekeza ndi 59.27% mu 2020, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa matayala a ceramic ku China kwapita patsogolo.
Mu 2021, maiko asanu ndi atatu mwa khumi apamwamba omwe amatumiza matailosi a ceramic anali mamembala a RCEP, kupatula Peru ndi Chile, omwe adakhala pachisanu ndi chitatu ndi khumi.Poyerekeza ndi kusanja mu 2020, dziko la Philippines likupitirizabe kukhala loyamba, ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu wogulitsa kunja kukuwonjezeka ndi 4.93% pachaka mu 2020. Indonesia ndi South Korea anasinthana malo mu 2020. Myanmar, yomwe ili pa nambala 9 mu 2020, idatsika 10 apamwamba kwambiri mu 2021, ndi Chile, yomwe ili pa nambala 12 pazogulitsa matailosi a ceramic ku China mu 2020, adalowa pamndandanda 10 wapamwamba ndikuyika 10.
Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ziwerengero za kuchuluka kwa ndalama zotumizira kunja, Vietnam ndiye dziko loyamba lachindunji ku China kutumiza matailosi adothi, okhala ndi ndalama zotumiza kunja pafupifupi $ 597 miliyoni za US, makamaka chifukwa mtengo wapakati wa matailosi a ceramic omwe amatumizidwa ku Vietnam ndi 36.25 US. madola / mita lalikulu, kangapo zomwe zimagulitsidwa kumayiko ena.
(4) Chiyambi cha matailosi a ceramic kunja
Mu 2021, Chigawo cha Guangdong chidakwera pamndandandawu ndi kuchuluka kwa matailosi a ceramic okwana 366 miliyoni miliyoni komanso kuchuluka kwa $ 1.749 biliyoni yaku US, zomwe zidakwana 60.89%, zofanana ndi 60.91% ya chaka chatha.Chifukwa mtengo wamtengo wa matailosi a ceramic omwe amatumizidwa kuchokera ku Province la Guangdong ndi pafupifupi 50% poyerekeza ndi mtengo wapakati wapadziko lonse, gawo la matayala a Guangdong ceramic omwe amatumizidwa kunja ndi lotsika kuposa kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumiza kunja, ndi 42.68%.Chiwerengerochi chakwera pafupifupi maperesenti awiri kuposa chaka cha 2020, koma chikadali patali ndi pafupifupi 60% munthawi yomwe mliri usanachitike.
Chigawo cha Fujian, chomwe chili chachiwiri pa kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, ndi 23.74% ya chiwonkhetso cha dziko lonse, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimakhala 15.40% ya chiwerengero chonse.Mtengo wapakati wagawo lotumiza kunja ndi US $4.42/m2, womwenso ndi wotsikirapo poyerekeza ndi mtengo wapakati wapadziko lonse.
Guangdong ndi Fujian amakhalanso m'zigawo ziwiri zapamwamba zotumiza kunja kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo asunga magawo awiri.Voliyumu ya Shandong yotumiza kunja ndi yachitatu, yowerengera 4.58% ya chiwonkhetso, ndipo ndalama zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimakwana 7.98% ya chiwonkhetso.Koma mtengo wake wapakati wagawo logulitsa kunja ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwamakampani, kukhala woyamba mdziko muno.
Kusanthula kwa kunja kwa ceramics zaukhondo
(1) Mkhalidwe wogulitsira kunja
Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zadothi zaukhondo ku China kunali zidutswa 110 miliyoni, kuchuluka kwa 16.82% kuposa 2020. Ndalama zotumizira kunja zidafika US $ 9.878 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 12.13%, pafupifupi US $ 89.87 pachidutswa chilichonse, kutsika kwa 4.02% kuposa chaka chatha.Kuphatikiza pa kuchepa pang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja mu 2020 chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwa mliri, kuchuluka kwa zoumba zaukhondo zakhalabe kukula kuyambira 2016. zitsulo zadothi zaukhondo komanso kukhudzika kwa kusakwanira kwa kupanga kumayiko akunja, kukula kwachulukira komanso mayendedwe akukula adakulirakulira mu 2021.
Kutumiza kunja kwa ziwiya zadothi zaukhondo kumatha kupitiliza kukula kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2021, Kumbali imodzi, kutumizira kunja kwa ceramics waukhondo sikukhudzidwa ndi malonda apadziko lonse lapansi.Chofunika koposa, zinthu zaukhondo zaku China zimakhala ndi mpikisano wokwanira padziko lonse lapansi ndi zabwino zamtengo wapatali komanso mtengo wokongola.Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zaukhondo ku China kudakhalabe pafupifupi 40%.
(2) Mkhalidwe wamba wa kunja
Pambuyo pokumana ndi kuchepa komwe kunabwera chifukwa cha mliri mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa zoumba zaukhondo mu 2021 kudafikiranso zidutswa 2.06 miliyoni, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2019. Pokhudzidwa ndi kukwera kwa 30.33% kwamitengo yotengera kunja, kuchuluka kwa kunja zoumba zaukhondo zafika US $ 155 miliyoni, chiwonjezeko cha 44.14% kuposa 2020.
(3) Maiko khumi apamwamba omwe akupita kukatumiza kunja kwa ziwiya zadothi zaukhondo
Mu 2021, zida zadothi zaukhondo zaku China zimatumiza ku Europe, America ndi maiko ena otukuka ndi zigawo zidatenga pafupifupi theka lazogulitsa kunja, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2020, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zaku China zaukhondo za ceramic zimakhalabe ndi mpikisano wamphamvu m'magawo otukuka.
Mu 2021, kutumizidwa kunja kwa mayiko khumi akuluakulu kapena zigawo zidapanga 61.91% yazinthu zonse zomwe zidatumizidwa kunja kwa zoumba zaukhondo.Pakati pawo, zogulitsa kunja kwa mayiko asanu apamwamba kapena zigawo zinapanga 47.79% ya chiwerengero chonse.Kusiyana pakati pa deta ziwirizi ndi 2020 kunali kochepera 1%.Koma mayiko angapo omwe akufuna kutumiza kunja adasintha kwambiri.Saudi Arabia, Singapore ndi Malaysia adakhala pakati pa asanu apamwamba kwambiri mu 2020, akutsika kuchokera pa khumi apamwamba, Canada, Britain Australia idabwerera ku 10 yapamwamba itatha kuchepa kwa gawo lake mu 2020.
(4) Chiyambi cha ziwiya zadothi zotumizidwa kunja
Magawo asanu apamwamba kwambiri a ceramics omwe amatumizidwa kunja ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja kwa zigawo zazikulu ndi mizinda ku China ndizofanana ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu.Chigawo cha Guangdong chidakali pamalo oyamba.Masanjidwe a Hebei, Fujian ndi Shandong sanasinthe poyerekeza ndi 2020, ndipo masanjidwe otsatirawa a Jiangsu ndi Zhejiang ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi omwe ali mu 2020. Gawo la Tianjin ndi Henan linakwera kufika asanu ndi atatu apamwamba.
Pakati pa madera asanu ndi atatu omwe amapanga kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa katundu wotumizidwa kunja, mtengo wazinthu zopangira ukhondo ku Jiangsu ndi Shandong ndiwokwera kwambiri, onse opitilira US $100 / chidutswa.
Kutumiza kunja kuwunika kwa mtundu wa glaze
(1)General Mkhalidwe wa import and export
Mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ceramic color glaze kunali matani 459000, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kupitilira 2020, ndikukula kwa 44.82%.Voliyumu yotumiza kunja inali madola 368 miliyoni aku US, ndikuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 43.50%.Kutumiza kunja kunakulitsidwanso.
Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ceramic color glaze zinali matani 26200, ndikulowetsakuchuluka ya $ 122 miliyoni yaku US, chimodzimodzinso mu 2020.
Poyerekeza mtengo wamayunitsi otumiza kunja, zitha kuwoneka kuti mtengo wazinthu zonse zamtundu wa glaze mu 2021 ndizofanana ndi za chaka chatha popanda kusinthasintha koonekeratu.Poganizira zinthu zoyipa monga kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu zopangira zinthu komanso kukwera mtengo kwa zoyendera anthu ogwira ntchito, phindu la malonda obwera kumayiko akunja likuchepa.
(2) Maiko khumi apamwamba omwe akupita kukatumiza kunja kwa utoto wonyezimira
Zogulitsa za ceramic color glaze zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko aku Asia kapena madera aku Asia zidatenga pafupifupi 68.02% ya voliyumu yotumiza kunja, yotsika pang'ono kuposa ija mu 2020 (71.20%).Zogulitsa zazikulu khumi zomwe zimatumizidwa kumayiko kapena zigawo zidatenga 73.58% ya kuchuluka kwa zotumiza kunja, zomwe zinali zofanana ndi zomwe zidachitika mu 2020 (74.67%).
(3) Chiyambi cha utoto wonyezimira kunja
Chiwerengero chonse chotumiza kunja kwa zigawo za Shandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi ndi Zhejiang ndi pafupifupi 80% ya ndalama zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa mdziko muno.Mwa iwo, Shandong adakwera pamndandandawo ndi kuchuluka kwa matani 18,3500 a utoto wonyezimira komanso ndalama zotumizira kunja kwa US $ 119 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 39.99%, zidatsika pafupifupi 5 peresenti kuchokera pa 44.85% chaka chatha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-10-2022