(Umthombo: umnatha weceramic waseTshayina)

Ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izinto eziphathekayo ezibandakanyekayo kwizinto ze-ceramic, iipropathi ze-mechanical kunye ne-optical properties ngokungangabazeki zimbini izinto ezibalulekileyo.Iimpawu zoomatshini zinquma ukusebenza okusisiseko kwezinto, ngelixa i-optics iyimbonakaliso yeempawu zokuhlobisa.Ekwakhiweni kweekeramics, iipropati ezibonakalayo zibonakaliswa ngokukodwa kwi-glaze.Iipropati ezihambelanayo ezibonakalayo zinokwahlulwa ngokwesiseko zibe zizinto ezintathu zokubhekisela:ukumenyezela, ukungafihli kunye nobumhlophe.

Ukubengezela

Xa ukukhanya kucetywayo kwinto, akuyi kubonakalisa kuphela kwicala elithile ngokomthetho wokubonakalisa, kodwa kunye nokusabalalisa.Ukuba ubuso bugudileyo kwaye buthe tyaba, ubukhulu bokukhanya kwisalathiso esikhethekileyo sokukhanya bukhulu kunoko kwezinye iindawo, ngoko kukhanya ngakumbi, okubonakaliswa ngokuqaqamba okuqinileyo.Ukuba umphezulu urhabaxa kwaye awulingani, ukukhanya kubonakaliswa ngokusasazekileyo macala onke, kwaye umphezulu uyi-semi matte okanye i-matte.

Kuyabonakala ukubaukubengezela kwento kubangelwa ubukhulu becala yimbonakalo ekhethekileyo yento, ebonisa ukucaba kunye nokuguda komphezulu.Ukubengezela lumlinganiselo wobunzulu bokukhanya kwicala lokukhanya okukhethekileyo ukuya kubunzulu bako konke ukukhanya okubonakalisiweyo.

I-gloss ye-glaze ihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nesalathisi sayo se-refractive.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona umxholo ophezulu wezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwifomula, kokukhona ukuqina kokukhanya komphezulu we-glaze, kuba isalathiso se-refractive ephezulu sonyusa icandelo lokubonisa kwisalathiso sesipili.Isalathiso se-refractive sihambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobuninzi be-glaze layer.Ngoko ke, phantsi kwezinye iimeko ezifanayo, i-ceramic glaze iqulethe i-oxides ye-Pb, i-Ba, i-Sr, i-Sn kunye nezinye izinto ezixineneyo eziphezulu, ngoko ke isalathisi sayo sokukhanyela sikhulu kwaye i-luster yayo yomelele kune-glaze ye-porcelain.Kwiinkalo yokulungiselela, umphezulu we-glaze unokupholiswa kakuhle ukuze ufumane indawo ephakamileyo ye-specular, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe i-gloss ye-glaze.

Ukungafihli 

Ukucaca ngokusisiseko kuxhomekeke kumxholo wesigaba seglasi kwi-glaze.

Ngokubanzi, okukhona uphezulu umxholo wesigaba seglasi, kokukhona ungaphantsi komxholo wekristale kunye neqamza, kwaye kokukhona kuphezulu ukubonakala kweglaze.

Ke ngoko, ukusuka kwinkalo yoyilo lwefomula, inani elikhulu lezinto ezifusible zisetyenziswa kwifomula, kwaye ukulawula umxholo we-aluminiyam kulungele ukuphuculwa kokungafihli.Ngokombono wokulungiselela, ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwe-glaze kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokuphepha i-crystallization ye-glaze kunceda ekuphuculeni ukucaca.Izinto ezintathu eziphambili zokulungiswa kweglasi, i-soda ash, i-limestone kunye ne-silica, zizinto ezimhlophe kunye ne-iron ephantsi ngokubonakalayo, iglasi elungisiweyo inokukhanya okuphezulu kunye nomhlophe ophantsi kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, nje ukuba i-crystallization yangaphakathi ibe yi-ceramics yeglasi, iya kuba yimveliso emhlophe kunye neemveliso ezimhlophe eziphezulu.

Ubumhlophe 

Ubumhlophe bubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okusasazeka kokukhanya kwimveliso.Kwi-porcelain yasekhaya, i-porcelain yococeko kunye ne-ceramics yokwakha, ubumhlophe buyisalathisi esibalulekileyo sokuvavanya ukusebenza kwabo kwembonakalo.Oku kungenxa yokuba abathengi kulula ukudibanisa umhlophe nococeko.

Umbala omhlophe wento ubangelwa kukunyulwa okuncinci kokukhanya okumhlophe, ukuhanjiswa okuphantsi kunye nokusabalalisa okukhulu.Kuya kubonakala ukuba ubumhlophe be-glaze ikakhulu buxhomekeke ekufakweni kokukhanya okumhlophe okuphantsi, ukuhanjiswa okuphantsi kunye nokukwazi ukusasazeka okuqinileyo kwe-glaze.

Ngokumalunga nokubunjwa, impembelelo yobumhlophe ikakhulu ixhomekeke kumxholo we-oxide enemibala kunye nezinto ezifusible kwi-glaze.Ngokuqhelekileyo, okukhona i-oxide enemibala isezantsi, kokukhona buphezulu ubumhlophe;Izinto ezingaphantsi kwe-fusible, ziphezulu ubumhlophe.

Ngokumalunga nokulungiselela, ubumhlophe buchatshazelwa yinkqubo yokudubula.Izinto eziluhlaza zinentsimbi eninzi kunye ne-titanium encinci, Ukudubula ekunciphiseni umoya kunokunyusa ubumhlophe;Ngokuchasene noko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-oxidizing atmosphere kuya kwandisa ubumhlophe.Ukuba imveliso ipholile okanye ifakwe kwisithando somlilo, inani leekristale kwi-glaze liya kwanda, eliya kukhokelela ekwandeni kobumhlophe be-glaze.

Xa kuhlolwa ubumhlophe bezinto ezikrwada, kuhlala kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwedatha emhlophe eyomileyo nemanzi emhlophe yeporcelain kunye nezixhobo zamatye, ngelixa idata emhlophe eyomileyo nemanzi emhlophe yezinto zodongwe zihlala zihluke kakhulu.Oku kungenxa yokuba isigaba seglasi sigcwalisa isithuba kwinkqubo ye-sintering ye-porcelain kunye nezixhobo zamatye, kwaye ukukhanya okukhanyayo kudla ngokuvela phezulu.Isigaba seglasi sepleyiti yodongwe evuthayo sincinci, kwaye ukukhanya kubonakaliswe ngaphakathi kwipleyiti.Emva kokunyangwa kokucwiliswa, ukukhanya akukwazi ukubonakaliswa ngaphakathi, okubangelwa ukuhla okucacileyo kwedatha yokufumanisa, eyona nto ivelele kakhulu kwi-kaolin equkethe i-mica.Ngexesha elifanayo ngexesha lokudubula, umoya wokudubula kufuneka ulawulwe kwaye uthintele ukuncipha kobumhlophe obubangelwa yi-carbon deposition.

 

Ngokwakha i-ceramic glaze,iziphumo zeentlobo ezintathu zokukhanya ziyakwenzeka.Ngoko ke, ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqulunqwa kunye nokulungiselela, kudla ngokuqwalaselwa kwimveliso ukugqamisa into enye kunye nokunciphisa abanye ukuze kuphuculwe umphumo othile.