Ukuhlaziywa kokungenisa nokuthekelisa kweChina kwezakhiwo nezitsha zobumba ezihlanzekile ngo-2021
Ngo-2021, ngaphansi kwesizinda sokuthi isimo sobhubhane lomhlaba sisalokhu sisibi, kunezithiyo eziningi zokusimama komnotho, isimo samazwe ngamazwe siyinkimbinkimbi futhi siyashintsha, kanye nezinzuzo zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke ziya ngokuya zishabalala, i-China igcine isikhundla esiphambili emhlabeni jikelele ekuthuthukisweni komnotho futhi ukuvimbela nokulawula ubhubhane.Ukungenisa nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kufinyelele ukukhula ngokushesha ngo-2021, izinga lafinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu futhi izinga lathuthuka kancane kancane, okube negalelo elibalulekile ekugcineni ukusimama kochungechunge lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke kanye nokusiza ekuvuseleleni umnotho womhlaba. .
Ngo-2021, Nakuba imboni yaseChina yokwakha ye-ceramic sanitary ware ethintwa ukulawulwa kwezindawo ezithengiswayo kanye nezinqubomgomo zekhabhoni ephindwe kabili kanye nokulawula kabili, yabhekana nokuhlolwa okuningi kwentengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe ezikhuphuka kanye nezindleko zamandla, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nezintengo zokuthutha zikhuphuka, kodwa ngaphansi. ubuholi obuqinile beKomidi Eliphakathi Leqembu, ukukhuthazwa kweminyango kahulumeni wonke amazinga kanye nemizamo ehlanganyelwe yemboni yonke, Kusagcine ukuthuthukiswa okuzinzile kohwebo lwangaphandle futhi kwadala isiqalo esihle sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ngesikhathi se-14th Five- Isikhathi Sohlelo Lonyaka.
Ngo-2021, inani lokuthekelisa lokuthekelisa lezakhiwo zaseShayina kanye nemikhiqizo ye-sanitary ceramics (ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezingxenyekazi zendlu yangasese) lalingama-US $15.77 billion, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-11.43%.Uhwebo lwaseChina lwezakhiwo kanye nemikhiqizo ye-ceramic ye-sanitary yethula izici ezilandelayo ngo-2021:
1. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sezifo eziwumshayabhuqe eziphindaphindayo kanye nemvelo yangaphandle eyinkimbinkimbi neshintshayo ngo-2021, i-China iseyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke kumthamo wokuthekelisa wezitsha zobumba kanye nezitsha zobumba zangasese, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokugcina ibhalansi yesidingo sokuhlinzekwa kwezindlu zangasese zomhlaba wonke. imakethe ye-ceramics;
2. Ngaphansi kwesizinda sokusabalala okuqhubekayo kobhubhane lwaphesheya kwezilwandle kanye nokushintshashintsha kokusimama komnotho womhlaba, umthamo wokuthekelisa waseShayina wamathayili e-ceramic wehla kancane ngo-2021, kodwa wahlala uzinzile uwonke, futhi isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokuthekelisa saqhubeka sikhuphuka kancane kancane. ;
3. Ethintwe ubhubhane, ukusimama komnotho waphesheya kwezilwandle kwavinjwa, ukukhiqizwa akukwazanga ukwenziwa ngendlela evamile, amandla okukhiqiza awakwazanga ukukhululwa ngokugcwele, futhi kwakunzima ukuhlangabezana ngokuqhubekayo nesidingo esiqinile semakethe.Ama-oda aphesheya abelokhu ethunyelwa eChina.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezitsha ze-ceramic zaseShayina zanda ngokuhambisana nenkambiso, ngokukhula kwamadijithi amabili kumthamo othunyelwa ngaphandle kanye nenani lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi ijika lokukhula laqhubeka nokukhuphuka;
4. Cishe amaphesenti angama-80 amathayela e-ceramic athunyelwa emazweni asathuthuka, ikakhulukazi emazweni agudle i-One Belt One Road.Ngaphezu kwama-50% wempahla ethunyelwa emazweni athuthukile nasezifundeni, Iphethini yokwabelana ngokugeleza kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe iye ezifundeni ayikashintshi kakhulu.
5. Ivolumu yokuthekelisa yemikhiqizo ye-ceramic color glaze ngo-2021 ikhuphuke kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa neyango-2020, futhi isikali sokuthumela ngaphandle sanwetshwa nakakhulu.Kodwa-ke, esicathulweni sokuthi intengo yeyunithi iyonke ngokuyisisekelo yayifana neyangonyaka odlule, uma kucatshangelwa izici ezingezinhle njengokwenyuka kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokuthutha abasebenzi, umkhawulo wenzuzo wemikhiqizo ecwebezelayo enemibala yobumba yehla.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuthekelisa kwezitsha zobumba
(1) Isimo esijwayelekile sokuthekelisa
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthekelisa wezitsha zobumba wawungamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-601, ukwehla ngo-3.40% kuno-2020, kanti inani lokuthekelisa lalingama-US $ 4.099 billion, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-0.70%.Umthamo wokuthekelisa waseShayina wezitsha zobumba zobumba ubulokhu uncipha kusukela ngo-2015. Ngo-2020, kuthinteke ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke kanye nezingxabano zezohwebo zase-Sino US, ukwehla kwaba sobala kakhulu.Ngo-2021, izinga lokwehla komthamo wokuthekelisa lehla futhi ukwehla kwejika kuthande ukuba flat.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umthelela walolu bhubhane usudambile.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphinde yazuza ochungechungeni lwezinyathelo zokukhuthaza ezethulwe ohulumeni nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kuvuselelwe umnotho.
Ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwentengo yeyunithi yezitsha zobumba ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, inyuke ngo-2.80% isuka e-US $6.63/m2 ngo-2020 yaya e-US $6.82/m2.Inani lokuthekelisa ngo-2021 lehle kuphela ngo-0.70% uma liqhathaniswa nalelo ngo-2020. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kungenxa yomthelela wokukhuphuka kwezindleko zamandla, izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabasebenzi kanye nokuvikela imvelo, ngakolunye uhlangothi. , iphinde ibonise inkambiso yokuthi imikhiqizo yamathayili e-ceramic yase-China ihoxa kancane kancane emakethe yemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi futhi kancane kancane iguquke ibe yimikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakathi nesezingeni eliphezulu.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, umthamo wokuthekelisa waseShayina kanye nenani elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lezitsha zobumba zobumba zihlala zingelokuqala emhlabeni, okudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlinzekwa nokusimama kwamanani emakethe yomhlaba.
(2) Isimo esijwayelekile sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokungenisa waseShayina wezitsha zobumba wawungu-6.75 million square metres, ukwehla ngo-69.90% ngonyaka ka-2020. Inani lokungenisa lalilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-155 zamadola aseMelika, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-12.35%.Intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa ibingu-25.56 amadola ase-US / imitha yesikwele, nezinga lokukhula lika-273.26%.
Ukushintshashintsha okubukhali kwejika lokungenisa kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021 kungabonakala ngokucacile kulesi sibalo esingezansi.Inani lokungenisa likhuphuke ngo-2020, kodwa inani lokungenisa alikhuphukanga kodwa lehla.Ngemva kokulandelela nokuphenya idatha engavamile, inhlangano ithole ukuthi umsebenzi onenani eliphezulu kodwa inani eliphansi leyunithi kwenzeka ngo-2020, okwaphambukisa ngenkani ijika lokungenisa lisuka kuthrekhi yokuthuthukiswa evamile.Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwevolumu yokungenisa kanye nenani lokungenisa ngo-2021 empeleni ukuhlehla kwejika kuya ezingeni elivamile.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka ka-2019 esikhathini sangaphambi kobhubhane, umthamo wokungenisa izitha zobumba ngo-2021 wehla ngo-3.01%, inani lokungenisa likhuphuke ngo-4.28%, futhi intengo yeyunithi yokungenisa iyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka.
(3) Amazwe ayishumi aphezulu okuyiwa kuwo wokuthunyelwa kwethayela le-ceramic
Ngaphansi kwesigaba sezitsha zobumba, ivolumu yokuthekelisa kanye nenani lokuthekelisa lamathayela e-ceramic libalelwa ku-98.94% no-97.61% ngokulandelana.Isiqondiso esilandelayo sokugeleza kokuthekelisa kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemvelaphi kuzogxila kumathayela e-ceramic.
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthekelisa waseShayina wamathayela e-ceramic wawungamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-595, kanti inani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni ayishumi aphambili noma izifunda lalingamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-419, okubalelwa ku-70.42% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukukhuphuka ngamaphesenti ayi-11. uma kuqhathaniswa nama-59.27% ngo-2020, okubonisa ukuthi ukugxilwa kwe-China kwamathayili e-ceramic kwamanye amazwe sekuthuthuke nakakhulu.
Ngo-2021, amazwe ayisishiyagalombili kwayishumi aphezulu athumela amathayela e-ceramic ayengamalungu e-RCEP, ngaphandle kwasePeru naseChile, akleliswe endaweni yesishiyagalombili neshumi.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga ngo-2020, iPhilippines iyaqhubeka nokubeka phambili, futhi umthamo wayo wokuthekelisa ukhuphuka ngo-4.93% unyaka nonyaka ngo-2020. I-Indonesia neNingizimu Korea bashintshane ngo-2020. IMyanmar, ekleliswe endaweni yesishiyagalolunye ngo-2020, yehla abangu-10 abahamba phambili ngo-2021, kanye neChile, ekleliswe endaweni ye-12 ekungenisweni kwethayela le-ceramic e-China ngo-2020, bangene ohlwini lwabayishumi abahamba phambili futhi bakleliswe endaweni ye-10.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwezibalo zenani lokuthekelisa, iVietnam iyizwe lokuqala okuhloswe ngalo ukuthunyelwa kwe-China kwamathayili e-ceramic, anenani lokuthekelisa elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-597 zamadola aseMelika, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi isilinganiso senani leyunithi lamathayili e-ceramic athunyelwa eVietnam angama-36.25 US. amadola / imitha yesikwele, izikhathi ezimbalwa kunemikhiqizo ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
(4) Umsuka wamathayela e-ceramic athekelisa ngaphandle
Ngo-2021, iSifundazwe sase-Guangdong sahamba phambili ohlwini ngevolumu yokuthekelisa engamamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingama-366 zamathayela e-ceramic kanye nenani lokuthekelisa eliyizigidigidi eziyi-1.749 zamadola aseMelika, okubalelwa ku-60.89%, ngokuyisisekelo kufana no-60.91% wangonyaka odlule.Ngenxa yokuthi iyunithi yentengo yamathayili e-ceramic athunyelwa esuka esiFundazweni sase-Guangdong cishe iphansi ngo-50% kunesilinganiso senani leyunithi yokuthekelisa kazwelonke, ingxenye yenani lokuthekelisa lamathayili e-Guangdong ceramic liphansi kunomthamo wokuthekelisa, okubalelwa ku-42.68%.Lesi sibalo sicishe sibe ngamaphesenti amabili ngaphezu kwalokho sango-2020, kodwa sisekude nengxenye cishe yama-60% enkathini eyandulela ubhubhane.
Isifundazwe saseFujian, esikleliswe endaweni yesibili ngevolumu yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, sibalwa ku-23.74% yenani eliphelele likazwelonke, kanti inani lokuthekelisa libalelwa ku-15.40% yenani eliphelele.Isilinganiso senani leyunithi yokuthekelisa ngu-US $4.42/m2, nayo ephansi kunesilinganiso sikazwelonke senani lokuthekelisa leyunithi.
I-Guangdong ne-Fujian nazo zihlala ezifundazweni ezimbili ezihamba phambili zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside, futhi zigcine ingxenye enamadijithi amabili.Umthamo weShandong wokuthekelisa ukleliswe endaweni yesithathu, ubalwa ku-4.58% wesamba, kanti inani lokuthekelisa libalelwa ku-7.98% yenani eliphelele.Kodwa isilinganiso sentengo yeyunithi yokuthekelisa iphezulu kakhulu kunezinga elimaphakathi lemboni, elikleliswe kuqala ezweni.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuthekelisa kwezitsha zobumba ezihlanzekile
(1) Isimo esijwayelekile sokuthekelisa
Ngo-2021, ivolumu yokuthunyelwa kwe-sanitary ceramics yaseChina yayiyizingcezu eziyizigidi eziyi-110, okukhuphuke ngo-16.82% ngonyaka ka-2020. Inani lokuthekelisa lafinyelela ku-US $ 9.878 billion, ukukhuphuka ngo-12.13%, ngesilinganiso sama-US $89.87 ucezu ngalunye, ukwehla ngo-4.02% onyakeni odlule.Ngaphezu kokwehla kancane kwevolumu yokuthekelisa ngo-2020 ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, umthamo wokuthekelisa we-sanitary ceramics ugcine ukukhula kusukela ngo-2016. i-ceramics ye-sanitary nomthelela womthamo onganele wokukhiqiza waphesheya kwezilwandle, izinga lokukhula lenyuka futhi ijika lokukhula laqina kakhulu ngo-2021.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ceramics ye-sanitary kungagcina ukukhula okuqhubekayo kusukela ku-2016 kuya ku-2021, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-sanitary ceramics akuthintwa isimo sohwebo samazwe ngamazwe.Okubaluleke nakakhulu, imikhiqizo yaseChina yenhlanzeko inokuncintisana okuphelele emhlabeni ngezinzuzo zekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nenani elihle.Ngo-2021, ingxenye yokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezokuhlanzeka eChina yahlala icishe ibe ngama-40%.
(2) Isimo esijwayelekile sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe
Ngemuva kokubhekana nokwehla okudalwe yilolu bhubhane ngo-2020, ivolumu yokungenisa kwezitsha zobumba ngo-2021 yaphindeka yaba yizingcezu eziyizigidi ezingu-2.06, okwakufana ncamashi nalokho ngo-2019. Kuthintwe ukwanda kwenani leyunithi yokungenisa ngo-30.33%, inani lokungenisa i-ceramics ye-sanitary ifinyelele e-US $155 million, okuwukunyuka kwama-44.14% ngo-2020.
(3) Amazwe ayishumi aphezulu okuyiwa kuwo ukuthekelisa izitsha zobumba ezihlanzekile
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwe-ceramics ye-Santary Ceramics eYurophu, eMelika nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile kanye nezifunda zabalelwa cishe ingxenye yesamba sempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle, empeleni eyayifana neyango-2020, okubonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ye-ceramics ye-sanitary Ceramics isalondoloza ukuncintisana okuqinile ezifundeni ezithuthukile.
Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwamazwe ayishumi aphezulu noma izifunda kwabalelwa ku-61.91% yenani eliphelele lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezitsha zobumba ezihlanzekile.Phakathi kwazo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamazwe amahlanu aphezulu noma izifunda kubalele ama-47.79% engqikithi.Umehluko phakathi kwedatha emibili no-2020 ubungaphansi kuka-1%.Kodwa amazwe amaningana amakhulu okuhloswe ngawo ukuthekelisa ashintshe kakhulu.ISaudi Arabia, iSingapore kanye neMalaysia zikleliswe phakathi kwabahlanu abahamba phambili ngo-2020, bephuma kwabayishumi abahamba phambili, eCanada, eBrithani i-Australia ibuyele kwabayi-10 abaphezulu ngemuva kokuthola ukwehla kwesabelo sayo ngo-2020.
(4) Umsuka wezitsha zobumba ezithunyelwa ngaphandle
Ingxenye emihlanu ephezulu ye-sanitary ceramics yevolumu yokuthekelisa kanye nenani lokuthekelisa lezifundazwe namadolobha amakhulu e-China ngokuyisisekelo liyafana neminyaka edlule.Isifundazwe saseGuangdong sisabambe indawo yokuqala.Izinga le-Hebei, i-Fujian ne-Shandong alikashintshi uma liqhathaniswa nalelo ngo-2020, futhi izinga le-Jiangsu ne-Zhejiang elalandela liphambene nalokho lango-2020. Ingxenye ye-Tianjin ne-Henan ikhuphuke yafinyelela kwayisishiyagalombili aphezulu.
Phakathi kwezindawo eziyisishiyagalombili eziphezulu zokukhiqiza ngokwevolumu yokuthekelisa, intengo yeyunithi yemikhiqizo ye-sanitary ceramics e-Jiangsu nase-Shandong iphakeme kakhulu, yomibili idlula i-US $100 / piece.
Khipha ukuhlaziywa kombala ocwebezelayo
(1)Isimo esijwayelekile sokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo ye-ceramic color glaze wawungamathani angama-459000, okuwukunyuka okukhulu ngo-2020, ngezinga lokukhula lika-44.82%.Umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ubuyizigidi ezingama-368 zamadola aseMelika, nokunyuka konyaka ngonyaka ngama-43.50%.Izinga lokuthekelisa laphinde landiswa.
Ivolumu yokungenisa yemikhiqizo ye-ceramic ecwebezelayo yayingamathani angama-26200, nokungeniswa kwamanye amazweinani zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-122, ngokuyisisekelo ayafana nalawo ngo-2020.
Uma kuqhathaniswa intengo yeyunithi yokuthekelisa, kungabonakala ukuthi inani lentengo leyunithi yonke lemikhiqizo ye-color glaze ngo-2021 ngokuyisisekelo iyafana neyangonyaka odlule ngaphandle kokuguquguquka okusobala.Uma kucatshangelwa izici ezimbi njengokwenyuka kwentengo yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokuthutha abasebenzi, umkhawulo wenzuzo yokuthekelisa embonini ye-color glaze uyancipha.
(2) Amazwe ayishumi aphezulu okuyiwa kuwo wokuthekelisa okucwebezelayo kombala
Imikhiqizo ye-ceramic color glaze ethunyelwa emazweni noma ezifundeni zase-Asia ibalwe cishe u-68.02% wevolumu yokuthekelisa, engaphansi kancane kunaleyo ngo-2020 (71.20%).Ukugeleza okuphezulu okuyishumi okuphezulu okuthekelisa okuya emazweni noma ezifundeni kubalele u-73.58% wevolumu yokuthekelisa, ngokuyisisekelo eyayifana neyango-2020 (74.67%).
(3) Umsuka wokucwebezela kombala wokuthekelisa
Isamba senani elithunyelwa ngaphandle lezifundazwe zaseShandong, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Jiangxi kanye neZhejiang libalelwa ku-80% yenani eliphelele lokuthumela ngaphandle lezwe.Phakathi kwabo, iShandong iphezulu ohlwini ngevolumu yokuthekelisa engamathani ayi-18,3500 we-glaze yombala kanye nenani lokuthekelisa eliyizigidi ezingama-US $ 119, elibalelwa ku-39.99%, lehle cishe ngamaphesenti ama-5 lisuka ku-44.85% ngonyaka owedlule.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-10-2022