(Umthombo: China net ceramic)

Ngokuphathelene nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ezihilelekile ezintweni ze-ceramic, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nezakhiwo ze-optical ngokungangabazeki yizici ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu.Izakhiwo zemishini zinquma ukusebenza okuyisisekelo kwezinto, kuyilapho i-optics iwumfanekiso wezakhiwo zokuhlobisa.Ekwakhiweni kwe-ceramics, izakhiwo ze-optical zibonakala ngokuyinhloko ku-glaze.Izakhiwo ze-optical ezihambisanayo zingahlukaniswa ngokuyisisekelo zibe izingxenye ezintathu zereferensi:ukucwebezela, obala nokuba mhlophe.

Ukucwebezela

Uma ukukhanya kuvezwa entweni, ngeke kubonakale kuphela endaweni ethile ngokomthetho wokucabangela, kodwa futhi kuhlakazeke.Uma ingaphezulu libushelelezi futhi liyisicaba, ubukhulu bokukhanya ekukhanyeni okukhethekile bukhulu kunakwezinye izindawo, ngakho-ke kukhanya kakhulu, okubonakala ngokucwebezela okuqinile.Uma ingaphezulu limahhadlahhadla futhi lingalingani, ukukhanya kubonakala ngokusabalale kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi indawo engaphezulu i-semi matte noma i-matte.

Kungabonakala lokhoukucwebezela kwento kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukubonakaliswa okukhethekile kwento, okubonisa ukucaba nokushelela kwendawo.Ukucwebezela isilinganiso sokushuba kokukhanya ekukhanyeni okukhethekile kuya kubukhulu bakho konke ukukhanya okubonisiwe.

I-gloss ye-glaze ihlobene ngokuqondile nenkomba yayo ye-refractive.Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwama-elementi e-refractive aphezulu kufomula, kuqina ukucwebezela kwendawo ecwebezelayo, ngoba inkomba ephezulu ye-refractive inyusa ingxenye yokubonisa endaweni yesibuko.Inkomba ye-refractive ilingana ngokuqondile nokuminyana kongqimba olucwebezelayo.Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezinye izimo ezifanayo, i-ceramic glaze iqukethe i-oxides ye-Pb, i-Ba, i-Sr, i-Sn nezinye izakhi eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke inkomba yayo ye-refractive inkulu futhi i-luster yayo inamandla kunaleyo ye-porcelain glaze.Kweisici sokulungiselela, indawo ecwebezelayo ingapholishwa kahle ukuze kutholwe indawo ephakeme ye-specular, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucwebezela kwe-glaze.

Ukungafihli 

Ukucaca ngokuyisisekelo kuncike kokuqukethwe kwesigaba sengilazi ku-glaze.

Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kokuqukethwe kwesigaba sengilazi, kuyancipha okuqukethwe kwekristalu nebhamuza, futhi kuphakama ukukhanya kweglaze.

Ngakho-ke, kusukela esicini sokuklama kwefomula, inani elikhulu lezinto ze-fusible zisetshenziswa kufomula, futhi ukulawula okuqukethwe kwe-aluminium kusiza ekuthuthukisweni kokubonisa izinto.Ngokombono wokulungiselela, ukupholisa ngokushesha okucwebezelayo ekushiseni okuphezulu nokugwema ukucwebezela kwekristalu kusiza ekuthuthukisweni kokukhanyela.Izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa kokulungiswa kwengilazi, umlotha wesoda, i-limestone ne-silica, ziyizinto ezingavuthiwe zensimbi ezimhlophe neziphansi ngokubukeka, ingilazi elungisiwe inokungafihli okuphezulu kanye nomhlophe ophansi kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, uma i-crystallization yangaphakathi iba i-ceramics yengilazi, izoba yimikhiqizo emhlophe nemikhiqizo emhlophe ephezulu.

Ubumhlophe 

Ubumhlophe bubangelwa ukubonakaliswa okusabalele kokukhanya emkhiqizweni.Nge-porcelain yasendlini, i-porcelain ye-sanitary kanye ne-ceramics yokwakha, ubumhlophe buyinkomba ebalulekile yokuhlola ukusebenza kokubukeka kwabo.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi abathengi kulula ukuhlobanisa okumhlophe nokuhlanzekile.

Umbala omhlophe wento ubangelwa ukumuncwa kwayo okungakhethi kakhulu kokukhanya okumhlophe, ukudlulisa okuphansi kanye nokuhlakazeka okukhulu.Uma into inokumunca kancane ukukhanya okumhlophe nokuhlakazeka okuncane, into isobala.Kuyabonakala ukuthi ubumhlophe be-glaze ikakhulukazi buncike ekumunceni kokukhanya okumhlophe okuphansi, ukudluliswa okuphansi kanye nekhono elinamandla lokuhlakazeka kwe-glaze.

Mayelana nokubunjwa, umthelela wobumhlophe ngokuyinhloko uncike kokuqukethwe kwe-oxide enemibala kanye nezici ze-fusible ku-glaze.Ngokuvamile, lapho i-oxide enemibala iphansi, iphezulu ubumhlophe;Ama-elementi angasebenzi kahle, ayanda ubumhlophe.

Mayelana nokulungiselela, ubumhlophe buthintwa uhlelo lokudubula.Impahla eluhlaza inensimbi eningi futhi i-titanium encane, Ukudubula ekunciphiseni umkhathi kungandisa ubumhlophe;Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukusetshenziswa komkhathi we-oxidizing kuzokwandisa ubumhlophe.Uma umkhiqizo upholile noma uhlanganiswe nesithando somlilo, inani lamakristalu e-glaze lizokhula, okuzoholela ekwandeni kobumhlophe be-glaze.

Lapho kuhlolwa ubumhlophe bezinto zokusetshenziswa, kuvame ukuba nomehluko omncane phakathi kwedatha emhlophe eyomile nemanzi emhlophe ye-porcelain kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamatshe, kuyilapho idatha emhlophe eyomile nemanzi emhlophe yezinto zobumba ngokuvamile ihluke kakhulu.Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isigaba sengilazi sigcwalisa igebe enqubweni ye-sintering ye-porcelain nezinto zamatshe, futhi ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuvame ukwenzeka phezulu.Isigaba sengilazi sepuleti le-clay fired sincane, futhi ukukhanya kuboniswa ngaphakathi kwepuleti.Ngemva kokwelashwa kokucwiliswa, ukukhanya akukwazi ukuboniswa ngaphakathi, okuholela ekwehleni okusobala kwedatha yokuthola, egqame kakhulu ku-kaolin equkethe i-mica.Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngesikhathi sokudubula, umkhathi wokudubula kufanele ulawulwe futhi uvimbele ukuncipha kobumhlophe obubangelwa ukufakwa kwekhabhoni.

 

Ekwakheni i-ceramic glaze,imiphumela yezinhlobo ezintathu zokukhanya izokwenzeka.Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokwakhiwa nokulungiswa, kuvame ukucatshangelwa ekukhiqizeni ukugqamisa into eyodwa nokwenza buthaka ezinye ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela othile.